However, there is little agreement as to the structure of coping, with at least 100 coping taxonomies and 400 lower-order categories proposed in the literature ( Skinner et al., 2003). Moreover, the CCM may elucidate the relationship between coping and emotion regulation (e.g., cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression).Īn understanding of coping structure is crucial to explaining the impact of stress on physical and mental health and well-being.

The paper discusses the potential of the CCM to overcome some of the problems of stress psychology by: (a) supplementing the set of coping categories (i.e., process, strategy, style) with coping mode (b) providing a foundation for the integration of numerous coping constructs (c) enabling the interpretation of results obtained by means of different coping measures, thus facilitating knowledge consolidation (d) explaining relationships between coping and adjustment after trauma, as well as explaining the mechanisms of psychological interventions (e.g., cognitive therapy, exposure therapy) (e) clarifying linkages between the effectiveness of coping strategies and situation controllability. The model contains a total of eight coping styles forming a circumplex: positive emotional coping, efficiency, problem solving, preoccupation with the problem, negative emotional coping, helplessness, problem avoidance, and hedonic disengagement. Importantly, these dimensions define a space for other coping categories. Problem coping and emotion coping are interpreted as bipolar dimensions. The model is based on the assumption that individuals in stressful situations face two tasks: they need to solve the problem and regulate their emotions, which are reflected in two corresponding dimensions, that is, the problem coping dimension and emotion coping dimension. This article presents the Coping Circumplex Model (CCM), which is designed to integrate various coping distinctions, drawing inspiration from the tradition of circumplex models in psychology. Despite numerous coping conceptualization proposals, there is no agreement as to the core coping categories. It seems obvious that the identification of coping structure is necessary to understand how stress affects human health and functioning. Institute of Psychology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.

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